Tests and diagnosis
Semen analysis, also known as a spermogram, is the main test used to assess male fertility. It analyses parameters such as semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, morphology and other data that help assess the quality of the sample.
This test may be recommended when a couple has been trying to conceive without success for some time, before starting an assisted reproductive treatment, or when there is a medical history that may affect male fertility, such as infections, testicular surgery, varicocele, previous medical treatments or hormonal disorders.
An abnormal result does not necessarily mean permanent infertility. Semen quality can vary due to fever, stress, lifestyle habits, tobacco or alcohol consumption, certain medications or exposure to heat. Therefore, if the result is not optimal, the specialist may recommend repeating the semen analysis and completing the assessment with additional tests, such as sperm DNA fragmentation analysis, hormonal testing, a testicular ultrasound or genetic testing.
These tests are carried out whenever they are requested by our medical team or by a doctor outside the clinic.
This is the basic test for assessing semen quality:
It allows us to assess whether the genetic material of sperm has any breaks that could affect fertilization, embryonic development, or increase the risk of miscarriage.
Selects sperm with the best mobility and fertilization capacity, simulating the natural process.
They measure hormones such as FSH, LH and testosterone, which regulate sperm production.
Detects varicocele, anatomical alterations or problems in the vas deferens.
In cases of severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia, karyotyping, Y chromosome microdeletions, or cystic fibrosis testing may be performed.
Diagnosis allows for the detection of abnormalities in sperm production or quality and the selection of the most appropriate treatment.
Early testing prevents wasted time and increases the chances of success of assisted reproduction treatments.
Based on the results of the semen analysis and additional tests, the specialist will recommend the most appropriate treatment: artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, ICSI, use of sperm bank samples, or advanced laboratory techniques.
Most tests can be performed in one or two menstrual cycles.
Most tests, such as ultrasound scans and blood tests, are well tolerated. Some specific procedures, such as assessing fallopian tube patency or hysteroscopy, may cause some discomfort, so the medical team will explain beforehand how they are performed.
Some tests, such as hormone analyses, must be performed on specific days of the menstrual cycle. The specialist will indicate the best time.
It is advisable from the age of 35, although it can be done earlier in women with a medical history or who want to preserve eggs.
Ideally, a complete study of the couple should be performed. In the case of the male partner, a semen analysis is done.
Repeating the semen analysis may be recommended if the result shows abnormalities or if there have been recent factors that could have affected the sample, such as fever, infection, significant stress or major changes in lifestyle habits. Repeating the test helps determine whether the finding is temporary or persistent.
The medical team will provide specific instructions before the test. It is generally recommended to abstain from sexual activity for a few days before providing the sample, to avoid, if possible, having the test performed following a recent fever or infection, and to inform the medical team about any medication or relevant medical history.
In addition to semen analysis, the specialist may assess sperm DNA fragmentation, perform a sperm capacitation test, hormonal testing, a testicular ultrasound or genetic testing. The tests recommended depend on the initial results and the patient’s medical history.
At Institut Marquès, we have an andrology unit and a laboratory specializing in the study of male factors.
We provide accurate diagnoses and offer personalized solutions to help you achieve your dream of becoming a father.
Request your first consultation and learn the results of your male fertility study from our specialists.
